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Ju 88 D1 FE-0105 AAF # 43-0650  Powered by FreeWebsiteTranslation |
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No photo at Freeman |
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TSEAL 6D 09/01/1945 |
Received at Freeman Field, 10/15/1943, in storage, condition fair. |
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Ju88D0/D1 surveyer aircraft with 2 x Jumo 211J-1 as A4 with radar equipment, 330 built since 1940 |
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The D-1 and D-2 entered service out of sequence. The D-1 was based on the improved A-4, which itself entered service after the less advanced A-5. The planned D-1 was thus delayed into 1941, while the D-2 filled the gap. The D-1 carried its cameras in a new location, behind the rear bomb bay. This allowed it to carry the same internal payload as the A-4, including the full range of internal fuel tanks, giving it significantly longer range than the D-0 and D-2. |
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Junkers Ju 88 At the beginning of of 1935 was issued by the RLM an advertisement for a high-speed bomber with three men crew. The machines should receive can-further demands as armament a mg 15 and 700-800 kg of bomb additional load carry were: Take-off distance 700 m, landing distance 400 m, gradeability 7000 m in 25 minutes, short wave radio, 1300 km range, elevator breathing plant, radio telephone system, special navigation equipment, UKW landing aid, de-icing equipment, electrical disk heating and more easily container protection. With Junkers equivalent two developments were begun, the Ju 85 and the Ju 88. The first prototype, the Ju 88 v-l was built starting from March 1936, the first flight took place on 21 December 1936. Already with one of the first flights the machine fell. Thereupon the second prototype, the V-2 was built and completes on 10 April 1937 to the first flight. The machine with the marking D-asaz reached 460 km/h, the Ju 88 V-3 came already on 504 km/h, at short notice even on 520 km/h. In the RLM one however already began with suggestions for improvement, which should not stop during the whole development. The Ju 88 V-4 had already a cab, which reminded of the later standard type, was however substantially slower than V-3. A further unarmed execution was the Ju 88 V-5 with the identification D-atyu. It was equipped with unverglasten fuselage nose, one flat pilot's compartment cover and two Jumo 211-Motoren. The machine should serve for the list of flight records and set up the following records: 517,004 km/h on 1000 km and 500.786 km/h over 2000 km, both with a pay load of 2000 kg. At the end of of 1937 extended the RLM its demands for the new bomber: Dive ability by stronger cell and dive brakes, armament to the rear down by couch tub, view dome in the fuselage nose, alternatively re-equipment for larger pay load or range and place for four men crew. Above all Udet stood behind these demands. First after these demands was the Ju 88 V-6, which already completed their first flight on 18 June 1938. It corresponded, up to the vierblatt-Luftschraube, the Ju to 88 A-1-Serie. The bomb load amounted to 1000 kg. This should be thrown off in the dive. Therein Udet saw to provide a chance, the bomber fleet demanded by Hitler in terms of figures in unawareness over the developing strategic conception, which demanded long range bombers. It was supported in its efforts to make the Ju 88 the exclusive standard bomber of the Air Force by the general manager at that time of the Junkers works, Heinrich Koppenberg. When Goering in the autumn 1938 assigned order for mass production on the Ju 88, the tragedy already initiated itself, which should lead to the complete failure of the strategic bomber operations. At that time the Ju 88 still was in the development stage, and instead of which large bomber fleet knew to at the end of of 1939 only 69 machines are delivered. When then the mass production of the Ju 88 finally started, the war situation required urgently strategic long range bombers. The Ju 88 was as middle bombers a large throw and worked everywhere, where she was used as tactical combat aircraft. Their failure as strategic bombers cannot be attributed to constructional lack, because it was from the beginning intended for a such employment. Nevertheless it was manufactured up to the end of war in large quantities and used for the most diverse intended purposes. The prototype of the destroyer execution was the Ju 88 V-7, which completed their first flight on 27 September 1938. Three further prototypes followed up to the 3. February 1939. The Ju 88 was amended to end of war over 3000 times (!). Manufacturing numbers:
Advancement of the prototype V-6 as production aircraft. The machines corresponded perfectly to that prototypes, only the armament were strengthened and the vierblattluftschrauben by three-blade replaced. The front bomb pit in the trunk was omitted, but the machines received four bomb pendants under the wings. The electrical chassis manipulation was replaced by a robustere hydraulic. Pre-production model, similar to the following A-1. First standard type, starting from 1939 built. The drive consisted of two Jumo B-1-Motoren. The machine was applicable as horizontal and dive bombers. The crew consisted the bomb additional load from 2500 kg of four men. The machine was armed with four mg 15. Modification of the Ju 88 A-1 with special equipment for catapult takeoff. Version of the A-1 as flight school coaches with double of you and more appropriate amended instruments. Mass production execution as horizontal and dive bombers with one on 20,08 m increased span, strengthened armament, increased bomb load, more efficient engines and strengthened chassis. Type: Twin-engine middle horizontal and dive bomber. Wing: Cantilever low-wing aircraft. Two-spar complete metal wing. Entire fluegelhinterkante as flaps trained, outside as ailerons, inside as landing aids. Gitterfoermige dive brakes at height of the front spar outside of the engine cars under the outerwings. Warm air wing de-icing. Trunk complete metal bowl trunk with oval cross section. Nose as flat-vitreous vollsichtkanzel, full-glassed pilot's compartment cover behind it touched down on the trunk. To the right shifted couch tub under the fuselage nose. Tail unit: Cantilever normalleitwerk. Structure made of complete metal, fins blechbeplankt, rudders material-covers. Trim tabs in all rudders. Inflatable rubber nose for the snow and ice removal of the horizontal stabilizer. Chassis: Retractable normal chassis, hydraulically operates. Hydraulically brakable main wheels, when simultaneous turn the wheels around 9° to the rear into the engine cars retractably. Tail landing gear to the rear into the Rumpfheek retractably. Engine: Two Junkers Jumo 211 J liquid-cooled Zwoelfzylinder A engines with 2 x 1410 HP of take-off power. Liquid and oil cooling sections containing ring radiators. Dreiblatt VDM or Junkers adjust propellers made of metal. Fuel capacity of 2900 litres lying in 5 tanks, ever between the two cross-beams. 2 x of 415 litres in fluegeltanks outside and 2 x of 425 litres in fluegeltanks within the engine cars as well as 1 x of 1220 litres in the fuselage tank. A further tank with 680 litres contents could be built in the bomb pit. Crew: 4 men, consisting of pilot at the left side under the cover, beside it more deeply the bomb contactors. Upper tail contactors behind pilot, radio operator behind bomb contactors, but still more deeply arranged. Armament: 1 x mg 81 in the windshield, of the pilot served, 1 x mg 131 in the nose, of bomb contactors serves (branch and), two mg 81 in lens carriages of the rear operator's seat cover (b-conditions) and 1 x mg 81 Z in the rear part of the drip tray, by which radio operator operates (C-conditions). This soil carriage Bola 39 was replaced to at the end of of 1941 by the armored Bola 81 Z. Bomb additional load up to 3000 kg. Four bomb pendants under the wing centre for 2 x 1000 kg or 4 x 500 kg or 2 x 1000 and 2 x 250/500 kg. In addition 10 x 50 kg in the trunk bomb pit. Dimensions: Span 20 m, length 14.4 m, height of 4.85 m. weight empty 9860 kg, maximum take-off weight 14000 kg. Version with two Jumo 211 g-engines and the increased bomb additional load of the A-4, otherwise however the A-1 accordingly. In addition this version was usable also for the admission of balloon cutting devices. Modification of the A-5 with balloon cutting device, the engines and the pulpit re-clamping square tube construction, which hitting balloon hurry led to the wingtips, where they were cut. The entire construction weighed 322 kg, which had to become balanced by 59 kg weight in the tail. In addition the plant brought a geschwindigkeitsverlust of 30 km/h. Already after few months the employment stop came for these machines, it to sea-reconnaissance aircraft with later joins 200 "Hohentwiel" converted. Trainer aircraft, from the A-4 derived, with two Jumo 211 H. similarly A-4, but with "Kuto nose" as balloon express cut-off press appliance. Equipped with two Jumo 211 H. Tropical execution of the Ju 88 A-1. For the employment in the desert the additional special equipment consisted of water tanks, sun visors, pellet rifles and sleeping bags. Tropical execution of the Ju 88 A-5. Tropical execution of the Ju 88 A-4. Training aircraft with double of you, series change from the A-4, whereby the cab was widened. No drip tray . Derivative as battle airplane from the Ju 88 A-4. without dive brakes, however with intensified armoring. Special fragment bomb plant. This version knew 81, so-called "watering cans" with two containers stock, under which internal bomb pendants of the wing centre are equipped. These containers contained 4 x each mg 81 , rigidly forward down shooting and four further, rigidly to the rear down firing. Bomber execution for ship target engagement with stronger armoring and without dive brakes. The machine was equipped with two Jumo 211 j-engines and had an additional MG/FF . Bomber execution with a bomb tub from wood, a bomb additional load of 3000 kg and two mg 15 . Three men crew. Trainer aircraft. Change from A-14. Torpedo airplane without drip tray with three men crew. Change from A-14. Ju 88 V27 D-awln, sample airplane for b-series. Only ten airplanes as long-range reconnaissance aircraft built. The cab resembled that the Ju 188. Four men crew, 3 mg 81 Z armament. Ju 88 V25 Sample airplane for B-3 (destroyer) only one machine built. Destroyer version with two BMWS 801-Motoren. In the vollsichtkanzel three mg 17 and a mg 151 were rigidly arranged. The b-conditions were equipped, likewise with a mg 81 Z the C-conditions. For reconnaissance purposes row image sets could be carried of the type Rb 50/30 or 20/30. |
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Junkers Ju 88 - location unknown - American AirmenThe Junkers Ju 88 was a WW2 Luftwaffe twin-engine multi-role aircraft. Among the most versatile planes of the war, it was used as a bomber, close-support aircraft, nightfighter, torpedo bomber and reconnaissance aircraft. A solid aircraft with great performance, it went on to be the Luftwaffe's most important aircraft. It carried out almost every kind of mission ever imagined, even a giant flying bomb, in every theater, with many nations, including allied nations against Germany. The aircraft's first flight was made by Prototype Ju 88V1 on December 21, 1936. When it first flew, it managed about 360 mph (580 km/h) and Hermann Göring was ecstatic. Finally it was something that could positively fulfill the promise of the Schnellbomber, a bomber so fast fighters could not catch it. Unfortunately, by the time everyone had their wish list added (including dive bombing), the speed dropped to around 280 mph (450 km/h). The draggy fuselage was modeled after its predecessor, the Dornier Do 17 but with fewer defensive guns because the belief still held it could run away from fighters. It was also very, very late. Planned for 1938, it finally entered service the day the Germans invaded Poland, and then with only 12 of them. Production was painfully slow, and problems with such an advanced machine kept cropping up. The Ju-88C series of heavy fighter was also created very early in 1940, but kept secret from Goering because he only wanted bombers. The Ju-88A-1 series was first used in anti-shipping action close to Norway. Ju-88 bombers based at Westerland on the island of Sylt in north Germany carried out the first Luftwaffe raids against Britain. An attack on Rosyth on October 16 1939 succeeding in damaging three ships, but was then engaged in dogfights by Spitfires of 602 and 603 Squadrons of the RAF and two 88s were shot down in the Firth of Forth. A raid on Scapa Flow the next day lost one Ju-88 to anti-aircraft fire. All combat ready 88s (some 133) were pressed into the Blitzkrieg, but very high combat losses and accidents forced a quick withdrawal from combat to train crews to fly this very high performance beast. By this time it was seen that the A-1 had major performance issues, and all effort was put on a major rework. The outcome was a longer wingspan that was deemed needed for all A-1s, thus the A-5 was born. Surviving A-1s were rewinged to A-5 as quickly as possible. The Battle of Britain proved very costly. Its faster speed did not prevent Ju-88 losses greater than its Dornier Do 17 and Heinkel He 111 stable mates, despite being in smaller numbers than either. A blizzard of field kits were made to make it less vulnerable, including changing the single rear gun to two side-by-side guns, and adding armour to the cockpit. It was during the closing days of the Battle of Britain that the flagship Ju88A-4 went into service. Although slower yet than the A-1, nearly all of the troubles of the A-1 were gone, and finally the 88 matured into the superb warplane it was hoped to be. The A-4 actually saw more improvements including more powerful engines but did not see a model code change, unlike other aircraft in the Luftwaffe. The 88C series also benefited from the A-4 changes, and when the Luftwaffe finally did decide on a new heavy fighter, the 88C was a powerful finished product. There is no question the 88 (and upgraded 188) was one of the most versatile aircraft designs (out of necessity?) and an excellent all around performer, but its combat record was mixed. It never quite achieved the same notoriety as the Ju-87, B-25, or other contemporary bombers. Various models of the Ju 88 were used in the day fighter, night fighter, tank destroyer, and photo reconnaissance roles. Despite the protracted development process, the aircraft became one of the Luftwaffe's most crucial assets. Japanese Navy ordered the specifications of one antisubmarine Patrol/Escort fleet aircraft, based in medium bomber plane. Kyushu company take idea from Ju 88 to created the Japanese equivalent of this, Kyushu Q1W1 Tokai("East Sea") "Lorna" antisubmarine patrol/fleet scort aircraft.
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